Most Islamophobia measures are unvalidated, and prejudicial attitudes dominate the field.

Evidence

There were five validated measures that assessed prejudicial attitudes towards Muslims or Islam. For example, Savelkoul and Scheepers’ (2017) measure of anti- Muslim attitudesˆ included five items that assessed agreement with negative stereotypes or beliefs about Muslims (e.g., “Muslims easily resort to violence”). The items did not measure fear/threat, or discriminatory actions directed towards Muslims. Rather, the items captured conscious and unconscious negative beliefs towards Muslims or Islam. … The prejudicial attitudes content area contained the greatest number of non-validated measures (n = 75) in comparison to validated measures (n = 5; see Tables 3 and 4). Additionally, this content area included the greatest number of feeling thermometer (n = 18), IAT (n = 10), and social distance measure (n = 5) formats. — Ummul-Kiram Kathawalla, Fei Bi Chan, Quratulain Gulamhussein, Amy Riegelman, and Moin Syed, Conceptualization and Measurement of…, 488

Categorization

• XREF: Extends the reader’s pattern of interest in how measurement instruments construct their object — parallels the diamond-trade and archival-grain notes on categories doing epistemic work.
• SEED: Angle: a piece on how the psychometrics of bigotry lag behind the phenomenon — 75 unvalidated instruments against 5 validated ones is a striking ratio.