Islamophobia springs from citizenship ambiguities rather than fear of Islam itself

Evidence

I began this essay with the claim that Islamophobia does not spring directly from a fear of Islam, or a hatred of Muslims, but from ambiguities rooted in our dominant models of citizenship and national belonging. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 716

Categorization

• DEFINE: States the chapter’s core causal claim in compressed form — the frightened subject’s anxiety is about national belonging, not the religious other.
• corroborated: 4 independent passages support this claim — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 716
• XREF: connects to: Citizenship laws made assimilation a virtual act of apostasy for Algerian Muslims; Perceiving Islam as monolithic and static drives most Islamophobia — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 53; Islamic exoticism differs from other cultures’ by being shadowed by threat (+29 more)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia stems from nationalism’s ambiguities rather than fear of Islam #corroborates (0.90)
• Islamophobia has material and political causes beyond ignorance or xenophobia #expands (0.70) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 706
• Islamophobia is refusing Muslims a role in building national identity #qualifies (0.60)
• Islamophobia is political rather than religious and must be fought politically #corroborates (0.60) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 576
• Islamophobia is driven by state violence rather than mere ignorance #corroborates (0.60)