Islamophobia originated as a defined term in a 1997 British report

Evidence

My analysis treats Islamophobia as a causal factor in the outcome of anti-Muslim racism. That is, anti-Muslim racism is the operationalization of Islamophobia. Islamophobia first became a term of art in a 1997 report by the Runnymede Trust’s Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia titled “Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All.” Defined in the report as “the dread, hatred, and hostility towards Islam and Muslims perpetrated by a series of closed views that imply and attribute negative and derogatory stereotypes and beliefs to Muslims,” Islamophobia results in practices that discriminated against Muslims through myriad state and private mechanisms, which fall under the rubric “anti-Muslim racism.” Anti- Muslim racism, thus, occurs because Islam is portrayed as “1) monolithic and static; 2) separate and ‘other,’ not sharing the values of other cultures; 3) irrational, primitive and inferior to the West; 4) aggressive, violent and implicated in a clash of civilizations; 5) an ideology used to promote political and military interests; 6) intolerant towards western critiques; 7) deserving of the discriminatory practices towards and exclusion of Muslims; and 8) making anti-Muslim hostility natural and normal.” — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 133

Categorization

• QUESTION: The 8-point characterization of the ‘closed view’ of Islam is a useful analytical checklist — could apply it to other groups’ stereotypes to test whether it generalizes.
• CANDY: Yes, ask: PvZ also has discrete game types, but the meat here is that there are numbered, countable levels-of-abstraction in the ‘closed view’ framework, and the casual nugget is simply that Islamophobia is a recent term of art from 1997.
• XREF: connects to: The term Islamophobia originated in a 1991 Runnymede Trust report