French Islamophobia predates the War on Terror and traces to Algerian colonialism

Evidence

In France, Islamophobia is a plague that long preceded the War on Terror. A plague that befell on Muslim women first, as the disproportionate victims, then spread onward. A plague spawned and spread by a “Muslim world” that sits at the continental footstep of Europe. Where French colonialism in African and Arab nations pulled the immigrants concentrated in the banlieues into the belly of France, and the imperial conquest of Algeria that lasted from 1830 to 1962 formed a colonial bridge that Ibtissam’s parents crossed into the Paris streets that saw them as imperial subjects, not citizens, the same way France sees their children and grandchildren. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 723

Categorization

• XREF: The 1830-1962 Algerian colonial bridge parallels framing in A Midwife’s Tale-era imperial structures and speaks to the reader’s global synthesis; echoes the ‘colonial counter-current’ logic in Things Fall Apart’s imperial encounter. — connects to: the MOC “The Republic’s Impossible Embrace: How Universalism Turned Algeria from the Future of France into Its Undoing”
• DEEPTHINKING: The claim that French structural Islamophobia targets Muslim women first, then spreads, rests on a specifically gendered causal sequence — women as canary victims — that reframes the hijab bans not as dress regulation but the leading edge of a larger system of expulsion.