Feminism must combat domination across sex, race, and class, not just male chauvinism

Evidence

To me feminism is not simply a struggle to end male chauvinism or a movement to ensure that women will have equal rights with men; it is a commitment to eradicating the ideology of domination that permeates Western culture on various levels—sex, race, and class, to name a few—and a commitment to reorganizing U.S. society so that the self-development of people can take precedence over imperialism, economic expansion, and material desires. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 562

Categorization

• DEFINE: hooks’ own redefinition of feminism as eradicating domination at multiple levels, not mere sex equality.
• XREF: Echoes the intersectional approach of Kimberlé Crenshaw and other Black feminist scholars. — connects to: American women perpetuate the very racism and sexism that oppress them; Male freedom is incompatible with advocating the subjugation of women; Freedom for men requires ending the subjugation of women (+34 more)
• corroborated: 3 independent passages support this claim — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 562

Broader Connections

• Race and class must be analyzed as articulated, not causally reduced #expands (0.80)
• Sexism and racism jointly founded the American social order from colonization #expands (0.60)
• Sexism and racism were twin oppressive forces in black women’s slave experience #expands (0.60)
• Understanding black women’s status requires analyzing race and sex together #expands (0.60)
• Male freedom is incompatible with advocating the subjugation of women #expands (0.55)
• Freedom for men requires ending the subjugation of women #expands (0.55)
• Racial ideology functions as a labor discipline for capital #expands (0.55)
• Suffrage politics trapped black women between racist feminists and sexist black men #exemplifies (0.50)
• Capitalism differentiated peoples into racial categories rather than homogenizing them #expands (0.50) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 205
• Black women needed a separate feminist intellectual tradition #responds-to (0.45)
• Nineteenth century black women were the most sexist-oppressed female group in America #exemplifies (0.45)
• Sexual exploitation dehumanized black women more than labor exploitation did #exemplifies (0.45)
• Sexism unites black and white men across the racial divide that racism creates #expands (0.40)
• Devaluation of black women was a deliberate method of social control #expands (0.40) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 191
• Black women’s silence on sexism stemmed from socialization that devalued their femaleness #expands (0.40)