European counter-jihadism spans both populist parties and street movements.

Evidence

In organizational terms, the European counter-jihad movement includes both party-political and streetbased activist wings. Its key political figurehead has long been Geert Wilders, leader of the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands. Some European parties that have formed links with the movement include the Sweden Democrats, the Belgian Vlaams Belang and the Swiss People’s Party. Other parties, such as the Alternative for Germany, the Austrian Freedom Party and the French Front National, have also mobilized against ‘Islamization’. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 519

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the literature on European populist radical-right parties (Mudde, Norris) which the reader likely knows. — connects to: Counter-jihad campaigns have spread across Western countries and infected mainstream politics. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 146; Counter-jihad mobilizations are triggered by local cultural anxieties, not national crises — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia: Still a Challenge for Us…, 528; Anti-Muslim mobilizations form a transnational movement with distinct ideology and policy reach. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 545 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Counter-jihad campaigns have spread across Western countries and infected mainstream politics. #expands (0.85) — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 146
• European Islamophobia has moved from the far right into the political mainstream. #expands (0.80) — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 480
• Anti-Muslim mobilizations form a transnational movement with distinct ideology and policy reach. #expands (0.78) — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 545
• Counter-jihad mobilizations are triggered by local cultural anxieties, not national crises #qualifies (0.72) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 528