Domination requires only the capacity to interfere arbitrarily, not its exercise
Evidence
One party dominates another just so far as they have the capacity to interfere on an arbitrary basis in some of the other’s choices; this domination may be more or less intense, depending on the severity and ease and arbitrariness of the interference available, and it may be more or less extensive, depending on the range of choices affected. … 5. Domination in the sense defined may occur without actual interference: it requires only the capacity for interference; and interference may occur without any domination: if the interference is not arbitrary then it will not dominate.
— Philip Pettit, Republicanism, 1217
Categorization
DEFINE: Core definition separating domination (capacity-based) from actual interference — the chapter’s central conceptual move.
XREF: connects to: Unfreedom lies in the structural power to dominate, not in actual interference. — Frank Lovett, Republicanism, 16; Relations of domination are multiple, specific, and reversible rather than unified — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 62; Freedom can be reconceived as non-domination rather than non-interference or self-mastery — Philip Pettit, Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and…, 1207 (+6 more)