Cultural alienation and marginalization predict extremism across both minority and majority groups.

Evidence

Overall, the studies found that, among members of both ethnocultural minority and majority groups, cultural separation, marginalization, and alienation were positively linked to violent extremist attitudes and intentions, partially explained by moral justification, experiences of social exclusion (see “the need to belong”), general support for war, feelings of insignificance (see “the need for significance”), and experiences of discrimi­ nation. On the other hand, an integrated cultural identity was linked to lower support for political violence among members of an ethnic-religious minority who did consider their existence meaningful (see “need for significance”), suggesting a protective effect. — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 219

Categorization

• XREF: Cultural separation and alienation operating for majority groups as well as minorities is a useful cross-check datum against theories that locate radicalization in minority-specific negative identity. — connects to: Exposure to diverse outgroups helped deradicalize former extremists — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America:…, 62; Stigma-driven marginalization pushes radicals into niche echo chambers — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America:…, 76; The most powerful radicalization pathways combine personal psychological vulnerabilities with perceived community victimization. — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America:…, 156 (+7 more)

Broader Connections

• Marginalization between cultures raises radicalization risk among Muslim immigrants #exemplifies (0.90) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 267
• Group-based relative deprivation explains extremism endorsement among Western-born Muslims #exemplifies (0.88) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 267
• Perceived exclusion and injustice prime society-wide breeding grounds for radicalization #expands (0.85) — Holm Gero Hümmler, Ulrike Schiesser, Fact and Prejudice, 716
• Personal uncertainty, perceived injustice, and group threat jointly drive radicalization #qualifies (0.78) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 267
• Need for significance predicts extremism mainly when combined with discrimination or activist identity #qualifies (0.75) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 234