Converts to Christianity became human while Muslims were literally a lump.

Evidence

Critical race theorists call this process “racialization,” and contend that “races are not biologically differentiated groupings but rather social constructions.” Races, and racial categories, therefore, are fluid and dynamic constructs that are shaped and reshaped in line with political, economic, and cultural interests. In line with this process of racialization, Orientalism (re)made “Muslim” into a race. This conversion of Muslim identity from a religion into a race changed a diverse population represented in every corner of the globe to the narrow form of the Arab, or as stated by Islamophobia scholar Erik Love, anybody “who looks Middle Eastern.” — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 161 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Orientalism converted Muslim identity from a religion into a race. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 161; Liberal humanist fiction erases Muslim difference by staging conversion through canonical English verse; The successful resistance of Muslims to conversion and flourishing Islamic proselytizing seemed twin roadblocks to the cherished goal of Christianizing humanity. Without any apparent sense of irony, Hume wrote, ‘We are well aware that Mohammedans, wherever found, constitute a difficult, and hitherto a comparatively unfruitful field…They regard themselves as God’s peculiar people, and look with feelings of hatred and contempt upon all opposing religions.’ (+2 more)

Related

• Orientalism converted Muslim identity from a religion into a race. (similarity 0.85)
• Medieval theologians constructed Muslims as a degraded race descending from the slave Hagar (similarity 0.84)
• Muslims were constituted as an inferior race via the figure of Homo islamicus. (similarity 0.84)
• Orientalist scholarship conflates Muslims and Jews into one racial type (similarity 0.81)
• Orientalist truth about racial difference was radical and ineradicable (similarity 0.81)
• Islam was historically perceived as a non-white and Black religion by Europeans (similarity 0.80)
• Islam’s racialization dates to American slavery, not modern immigration debates (similarity 0.80)
• Islam comes to function as a race through racecraft that erases internal ethnic differences (similarity 0.80)
• Ancestry-based purity laws displaced religious conversion as a path to inclusion (similarity 0.80)
• Mass Christian conversion to Islam forced Christians to view Muslims as religious rivals (similarity 0.80)
• Anti-Muslim and antisemitic persecution became racism when conversion was deemed biologically impossible. (similarity 0.80)
• Secularists and Christians alike deployed Muslims as foils (similarity 0.80)
• Orientalism imagined Muslims as a monolithic Arab or Middle Eastern racial bloc. (similarity 0.80)
• Islamic culture seemed monolithically tyrannical to Southey (similarity 0.79)
• American officials read educated Muslims as a racially distinct civilized breed apart. (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Orientalism converted Muslim identity from a religion into a race. #expands (0.75) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 161
• The successful resistance of Muslims to conversion and flourishing Islamic proselytizing seemed twin roadblocks to the cherished goal of Christianizing humanity. Without any apparent sense of… #corroborates (0.70)
• Liberal humanist fiction erases Muslim difference by staging conversion through canonical English verse #exemplifies (0.60)
• Cultural racism targets Muslims’ beliefs and traditions as if they were inherited essence. #expands (0.60)
• Secularists and Christians alike deployed Muslims as foils #corroborates (0.55)