Orientalism imagined Muslims as a monolithic Arab or Middle Eastern racial bloc.

Evidence

Based on a binary that made Europe the antithesis of the “Orient” and “Orient” synonymous with the “Muslim world,” Orientalism spawned the corollary view that Muslims were a monolithic racial or ethnic bloc, imagined in the narrow form of an Arab or Middle Eastern. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 161

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 161
• XREF: connects to: Nineteenth-century Orientalism portrayed Islam as a monolithic, fixed, inferior essence. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 194; Nineteenth-century Orientalism essentialized Muslims as intrinsically inferior during colonial expansion. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 201; Lewis’s Orientalist framework reduces Muslims to a monolithic, irrational, enraged mass — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 220 (+22 more)

Broader Connections

• Racial homogeneity assumptions enabled sweeping claims about the ‘Muslim mind’ #expands (0.85) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 126
• Religious identity racializes Arab and South Asian Muslims along shared lines #expands (0.70)
• Islamophobia operates by reducing Muslims to a monolithic bloc #expands (0.70) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 433
• Orientalists reframed Islam as a political system rather than a religion. #expands (0.65)
• Arab and South Asian identities have been conflated with Islam #expands (0.65) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 173
• Orientalism and Islamophobia are related but not identical concepts #expands (0.60) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 236
• Cultural racism targets Muslims’ beliefs and traditions as if they were inherited essence. #expands (0.60)
• Orientalist scholarship varied internally but shared the racial category #qualifies (0.55) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 132
• Muslim identity ejects Arabs from whiteness and strips them of its material benefits #expands (0.55) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 662
• The clash of civilizations theory rearticulated the Orientalist binary of Islam versus the West. #exemplifies (0.50) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 217
• Orientalist dissenters defended Islam’s internal diversity against essentializing stereotypes #contradicts (0.50)
• Muslims move down the racial hierarchy rather than becoming a new race #complicates (0.45)