Collective emotions like group anger and guilt arise from ingroup appraisals

Evidence

Intergroup Emotions Theory holds that group-based emotions are generated by this appraisal process, in exactly the same way as individual emotions are generated by appraisals of objects or events that impinge on the individual self (Frijda, 1986; Roseman, 1984). For example, if someone who thinks of himself or herself as a group member perceives that the ingroup is threatened by an outgroup’s goals or actions and believes that the ingroup is strong, he or she may experience group-based anger (Mackie et al., 2000). Consequently the individual may desire to attack or confront the outgroup. Group-based emotions may be directed at the ingroup as well. For example, people may feel collective pride if they see their group as responsible for an important accomplishment, or collective guilt if they appraise their group as having violated important moral principles (Doosje, Branscombe, Spears, & Manstead, 1998). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2264

Intergroup Emotions Theory holds that group-based emotions are generated by this appraisal process, in exactly the same way as individual emotions are generated by appraisals of objects or events that impinge on the individual self (Frijda, 1986; Roseman, 1984). For example, if someone who thinks of himself or herself as a group member perceives that the ingroup is threatened by an outgroup’s goals or actions and believes that the ingroup is strong, he or she may experience group-based anger (Mackie et al., 2000). Consequently the individual may desire to attack or confront the outgroup. Group-based emotions may be directed at the ingroup as well. For example, people may feel collective pride if they see their group as responsible for an important accomplishment, or collective guilt if they appraise their group as having violated important moral principles (Doosje, Branscombe, Spears, & Manstead, 1998). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2264

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s prior work on social capital and group-based identity; collective guilt also echoes the moral panic literature’s group-level moral emotions. — connects to: Guilt requires self-categorizing as a group member — Torsten Masson and Markus Barth, The identification-guilt paradox…, 20; Group self-investment relates to collective guilt in an inverted-U curve. — Torsten Masson and Markus Barth, The identification-guilt paradox…, 52; Group identification can both enable and block feelings of group-based guilt — Sonia Roccas and Yechiel Klar and Ido Liviatan, The Paradox of Group-Based Guilt: Modes…, 16 (+6 more)
• corroborated: 3 independent passages support this claim — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2264