Citizens treat hijab removal as a required act of American citizenship

Evidence

Muslim women are told that the removal of the hijab would be an act of citizenship. Their interactions with private citizens show who wields power in defining who is an American. Private citizens participate in the rearticulation of what it means to be an American. At a time when the nation is engaged in a War on Terror, a Muslim is excluded from this definition. Not only are Muslims criminalized through state surveillance, but private citizens also engage in their surveillance when they observe, monitor, and challenge Muslim American women for participating in their cultural practices because these practices are racialized as anti-­Western and un-­ American. Arab women who could once pass for white, are no longer able to do so when they put on the hijab. For South Asian and Arab American women who wear the hijab, their experiences begin to mirror one another because of it. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 415

Categorization

• recurring: this claim recurs 2 times within its source
• XREF: connects to: Private citizens surveil hijabi women and recast their dress as un-American — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 415; Wearing the hijab triggers identity questioning from strangers — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 189

Related

• Private citizens surveil hijabi women and recast their dress as un-American (similarity 0.92)
• Citizens surveil hijabi women for supposedly violating American values (similarity 0.90)
• Private citizens surveil hijab-wearing women and challenge their American identity (similarity 0.88)
• Hijab-wearing women altered dress and demeanor under citizen surveillance (similarity 0.85)
• Wearing the hijab triggers identity questioning from strangers (similarity 0.85)
• Hijab-wearing Muslim women must repeatedly justify their dress as compatible with American values (similarity 0.85)
• Removing the hijab is framed as an act befitting American citizenship. (similarity 0.84)
• Citizen surveillance constrains hijabi dress more than Muslim men do (similarity 0.84)
• Wearing the hijab is read as surrendering whiteness and citizenship standing (similarity 0.83)
• The hijab, not skin color, triggers citizen surveillance of Muslim American women. (similarity 0.83)
• Citizen surveillance targets hijab-wearing women publicly but men privately as suspected terrorists (similarity 0.83)
• Private citizens surveil Muslim women for cultural transgression and men for security threats (similarity 0.83)
• American-born Muslim women are assaulted for being recognizably Muslim (similarity 0.83)
• Wearing the hijab shifts how Muslim women are racially perceived and treated (similarity 0.83)
• Muslim women alter their dress in response to fellow citizens’ surveillance, not male oppression (similarity 0.83)