Black women suffered quadruple exploitation as laborers, domestic workers, breeders, and rape targets

Evidence

As regards hierarchies based solely on race, the social status of black women and men was the same, but sexist differentiation caused the lot of the male to be distinguished from that of the female. A measure of social equality existed between the sexes in the area of work but nowhere else. Black women and men often performed the exact same tasks in agricultural labor, but even in that area black women could not rise to leadership positions. Outside the work arena, in day-to-day life, female slaves were treated differently from male slaves and were in some instances the subordinates of male slaves. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 150 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

The white woman could at least plead for her own emancipation; the black women doubly enslaved, could but suffer and struggle and be silent. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 26 (#expands, via linked claim)

When I began the research for Ain’t I A Woman, my primary intent was to document the impact of sexism on the social status of black women. I wanted to provide concrete evidence to refute the arguments of antifeminists who so loudly proclaimed that black women were not victims of sexist oppression and were not in need of liberation. As the work progressed, I became increasingly aware that I could arrive at a thorough understanding of the black female experience and our relationship to society as a whole only by examining both the politics of racism and sexism from a feminist perspective. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 47 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Nineteenth-century black women endured double enslavement by race and sex; Black slave women were both accomplices in and victims of patriarchy; Sexual exploitation dehumanized black women more than labor exploitation did (+16 more)

Related

• Nineteenth-century black women endured double enslavement by race and sex (similarity 0.90)
• Sexual exploitation dehumanized black women more than labor exploitation did (similarity 0.89)
• Black women bore the brunt of slave-ship terror because they could not retaliate (similarity 0.89)
• Black slave women were both accomplices in and victims of patriarchy (similarity 0.88)
• Labeling black women as sexual savages enabled their rapes by denying their humanity. (similarity 0.88)
• Nineteenth century black women were the most sexist-oppressed female group in America (similarity 0.87)
• Rape of black women was ignored because they were seen as sexually permissive (similarity 0.87)
• Black women under slavery were doubly enslaved by race and sex (similarity 0.86)
• Matrilineal inheritance of slave status made black women’s breeding economically central (similarity 0.86)
• Sexism and racism were twin oppressive forces in black women’s slave experience (similarity 0.85)
• Black slave gender roles replicated white patriarchal divisions of labor (similarity 0.85)
• Understanding black women’s status requires analyzing race and sex together (similarity 0.85)
• Devaluation of black women was a deliberate method of social control (similarity 0.85)
• Black women’s exploitation is better described as masculinization than black men’s de-masculinization. (similarity 0.84)
• Black women experienced sexist oppression distinct from racism (similarity 0.84)

Broader Connections

• Black women under slavery were doubly enslaved by race and sex #expands (0.80) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 26
• Enslaved black women shared racial status with men but faced sexist subordination #corroborates (0.80) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 150
• Black women experienced sexist oppression distinct from racism #corroborates (0.75) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 47
• Black slave women were both accomplices in and victims of patriarchy #corroborates (0.70)
• Sexism and racism were twin oppressive forces in black women’s slave experience #corroborates (0.70)
• Enslaved pregnant women were subjected to brutal treadmill labor and floggings #expands (0.70) — Stella Dadzie, A Kick in the Belly- Women, Slavery and…, 251
• Matrilineal inheritance of slave status made black women’s breeding economically central #expands (0.70)
• Rape of black women was ignored because they were seen as sexually permissive #expands (0.70)
• Labeling black women as sexual savages enabled their rapes by denying their humanity. #expands (0.70)
• Calling enslaved Black women prostitutes misdescribed their coerced sexual exploitation #exemplifies (0.70) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 99
• Floggings of enslaved women fused racial and anti-female violence #exemplifies (0.65) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 117
• Sexual exploitation dehumanized black women more than labor exploitation did #complicates (0.60)
• Devaluation of black women was a deliberate method of social control #expands (0.60) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 191
• Enslaved black women worked as hard as men but were barred from supervisory roles #expands (0.60) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 62
• Enslaved black people internalized their owners’ patriarchal sex roles #expands (0.55) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 154