Black women under slavery were doubly enslaved by race and sex

Evidence

The white woman could at least plead for her own emancipation; the black women doubly enslaved, could but suffer and struggle and be silent. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 26

Categorization

• XREF: Corresponds to the double-jeopardy framing later developed by hooks and other Black feminist theorists. — connects to: Black life persists under conditions of ongoing premature death after slavery — , The Braided Reading EPUB: 5-Year…, 465; Race, not sex, formed the foundational axis of American colonial oppression — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 356; White male sexual power over slaves redirected white women’s anger onto black women — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 451 (+37 more)

Related

• Understanding black women’s status requires analyzing race and sex together (similarity 0.93)
• Sexism made the black female slave’s lot harsher than the male’s (similarity 0.90)
• Nineteenth-century black women endured double enslavement by race and sex (similarity 0.90)
• Sexism and racism were twin oppressive forces in black women’s slave experience (similarity 0.89)
• Sexism and racism together intensified black women’s oppression beyond black men’s. (similarity 0.88)
• Black women bore the brunt of slave-ship terror because they could not retaliate (similarity 0.88)
• Enslaved black women shared racial status with men but faced sexist subordination (similarity 0.88)
• Nineteenth century black women were the most sexist-oppressed female group in America (similarity 0.87)
• The women-and-blacks analogy erased black women by equating women with whites (similarity 0.87)
• Black women experienced sexist oppression distinct from racism (similarity 0.87)
• Black women suffered quadruple exploitation as laborers, domestic workers, breeders, and rape targets (similarity 0.86)
• Sexual exploitation dehumanized black women more than labor exploitation did (similarity 0.86)
• Black men asserted dominance over women to compensate for losing to white men (similarity 0.86)
• Enslaved black men held higher status than black women under slavery (similarity 0.85)
• Matrilineal inheritance of slave status made black women’s breeding economically central (similarity 0.85)

Broader Connections

• Nineteenth-century black women endured double enslavement by race and sex #corroborates (0.85)
• Enslaved black women shared racial status with men but faced sexist subordination #expands (0.80) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 150
• Sexism and racism were twin oppressive forces in black women’s slave experience #corroborates (0.80)
• Black women experienced sexist oppression distinct from racism #expands (0.75) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 47
• Sexism made the black female slave’s lot harsher than the male’s #expands (0.60) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 142
• Enslaved black men held higher status than black women under slavery #expands (0.55)