Black women rejected the movement’s execution, not feminism’s ideology.

Evidence

Feminism as a political ideology advocating social equality for all women was and is acceptable to many black women. They rejected the women’s movement when it became apparent that middle and upper class college-educated white women who were its majority participants were determined to shape the movement so that it would serve their own opportunistic ends. While the established definition of feminism is the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes, white women liberationists used the power granted them by virtue of their being members of the dominant race in American society to interpret feminism in such a way that it was no longer relevant to all women. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 440

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes feminism as a political ideology from the women’s movement as a racially exclusionary organizational phenomenon.
• XREF: Echoes the canonical definition of feminism as the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. — connects to: The women’s movement failed to analyze black women’s sexist oppression — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 45; Black female activists abandoned women’s rights to fight racism instead — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 501; Scholars frame black women’s organizing as anti-racist, not feminist — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 466 (+2 more)

Related

• Scholars frame black women’s organizing as anti-racist, not feminist (similarity 0.89)
• Both white and black patriarchies framed feminism as opposition to black liberation. (similarity 0.89)
• The women’s movement failed to analyze black women’s sexist oppression (similarity 0.89)
• Black women needed a separate feminist intellectual tradition (similarity 0.88)
• Black female activists abandoned women’s rights to fight racism instead (similarity 0.88)
• Most black women chose the black patriarchy over the feminist movement. (similarity 0.88)
• Standard reasons for black women’s nonparticipation fail historical scrutiny. (similarity 0.88)
• Black women supported feminism more strongly than white women in 1972 (similarity 0.87)
• Black women organized separately after white women’s racism barred them (similarity 0.87)
• The mainstream women’s movement was deliberately structured around white middle-class interests. (similarity 0.87)
• A racist and classist feminism merely perpetuates women’s bondage to patriarchy. (similarity 0.87)
• Black women’s organizations deferred women’s rights until after black liberation (similarity 0.87)
• Adopting feminist rhetoric did not free white feminists from sexist-racist attitudes. (similarity 0.86)
• Black leaders sacrificed feminism to appear conservative and gain racial acceptance (similarity 0.86)
• White dominance in feminism reflects racial imperialism, not black disinterest (similarity 0.86)

Broader Connections

• Black female activists abandoned women’s rights to fight racism instead #contradicts (0.80) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 501
• The women’s movement failed to analyze black women’s sexist oppression #corroborates (0.70) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 45
• Scholars frame black women’s organizing as anti-racist, not feminist #complicates (0.60) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 466
• Standard reasons for black women’s nonparticipation fail historical scrutiny. #corroborates (0.55) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 547
• Black leaders sacrificed feminism to appear conservative and gain racial acceptance #qualifies (0.50) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 510