Both white and black patriarchies framed feminism as opposition to black liberation.

Evidence

When the movement toward feminism began in the late 60s, black women rarely participated as a group. Since the dominant white patriarchy and black male patriarchy conveyed to black women the message that to cast a vote in favor of social equality of the sexes, i.e. women’s liberation, was to cast a vote against black liberation, they were initially suspicious of the white woman’s call for a feminist movement. Many black women refused to participate in the movement because they had no desire to fight against sexism. Theirs was not an unusual stance. The great majority of women in the U.S. did not participate in the women’s movement for the same reason. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 541

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to earlier chapters on black male sexism and the critique of the sexist black nationalist agenda during the 60s. — connects to: Liberation modeled on white male power inherently divides women from each other. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 456; A racist and classist feminism merely perpetuates women’s bondage to patriarchy. — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 457; Black women faced pressure from both whites and blacks to separate racism from sexism — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 46 (+4 more)

Related

• Most black women chose the black patriarchy over the feminist movement. (similarity 0.90)
• 60s black liberation codified sexist role separation within the movement (similarity 0.90)
• Black male liberation leaders defined freedom as patriarchal domination over black women (similarity 0.90)
• Black women needed a separate feminist intellectual tradition (similarity 0.90)
• Black women faced a double bind between racist white feminists and patriarchal black leaders (similarity 0.89)
• Black women rejected the movement’s execution, not feminism’s ideology. (similarity 0.89)
• Early black feminists were isolated from both black communities and the white feminist movement (similarity 0.89)
• A racist and classist feminism merely perpetuates women’s bondage to patriarchy. (similarity 0.89)
• Liberation modeled on white male power inherently divides women from each other. (similarity 0.88)
• White men set the terms of women’s liberation and exploit inter-group competition (similarity 0.88)
• Black leaders resist acknowledging black male sexism to avoid complicating anti-racist efforts. (similarity 0.87)
• Black women’s acceptance of patriarchy predated the 60s movement (similarity 0.87)
• Douglass and black male activists allied with white patriarchs through shared sexism. (similarity 0.87)
• The mainstream women’s movement was deliberately structured around white middle-class interests. (similarity 0.87)
• The 60s women’s movement structurally repeated the earlier movement’s racism. (similarity 0.87)

Broader Connections

• Black women faced a double bind between racist white feminists and patriarchal black leaders #corroborates (0.70) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 28
• Douglass and black male activists allied with white patriarchs through shared sexism. #corroborates (0.65) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 254
• Black women faced pressure from both whites and blacks to separate racism from sexism #corroborates (0.55) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 46
• Early black feminists were isolated from both black communities and the white feminist movement #corroborates (0.40) — bell hooks, Ain’t I a Woman_ Black Women and…, 17