Arabs and Iranians experience racism while being officially classified as white

Evidence

The term invisible minority reflects how many Arabs have been marginalized, yet their experiences with racism have largely been ignored because they are racially classified as white according to the U.S. Census (Tehranian 2010). Maghbouleh (2017) chronicles how Iranian Americans have experienced the limits of whiteness and become a racialized other, crossing the color line, in post-9/11 society. Many scholars examine how religion, particularly a Muslim identity, influences this process of racialization for both South Asians and Arabs living in the United States (Purkayastha 2005; Bayoumi 2006; Naber 2008; Cainkar 2009; Bayoumi 2015). — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 472

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines ‘invisible minority’ — a group raced out of visibility because census classification erases their marginalization.
• XREF: Connects directly to Tehranian 2010 and Maghbouleh’s ‘limits of whiteness’ work the reader’s map likely references. — connects to: Student advocacy achieved collective recategorization of Iranians from legal whites to non-white SWANA — Neda Maghbouleh, The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian…, 773; Iranian Americans have been flexibly positioned inside and outside whiteness — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 1256; Legally white Iranian Americans are simultaneously hypervisible in everyday racialization — Neda Maghbouleh, The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian…, 37 (+2 more)