Anti-Islamic polemic in Spain was mostly written by converts in conquered cities.

Evidence

This atmosphere produced a number of polemical and apologetical works between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. At least five Christian writers wrote polemics against Islam in twelfth-century Spain: four of these authors are (or are said to be) converts to Christianity, two from Judaism and two from Islam. All of them show knowledge of Islam, of the Koran, and the Hadîth; all of them know (and continue) the traditions of Eastern Christian anti-Islamic polemics embodied in the Risâlat al-Kindî (a text with which many in Spain were familiar). Moreover, all five of them, it seems, were written in Christian territories recently wrested from Muslims —at least three of them in Toledo, which had been conquered by Alfonso VI in 1085. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 797

Categorization

• ADDENDUM: Genealogically grounds the moral-panic/complaints material by showing the Christian polemical line against Islam descends from conversion contexts in newly conquered lands.
• XREF: Connects to Anidjar and Aziz on the conversion/polemic genealogy of the Islam-West opposition.