Recovered territory bred converts who powered anti-Islamic polemic in Toledo

Evidence

This atmosphere produced a number of polemical and apologetical works between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. At least five Christian writers wrote polemics against Islam in twelfth-century Spain: four of these authors are (or are said to be) converts to Christianity, two from Judaism and two from Islam. All of them show knowledge of Islam, of the Koran, and the Hadîth; all of them know (and continue) the traditions of Eastern Christian anti-Islamic polemics embodied in the Risâlat al-Kindî (a text with which many in Spain were familiar). Moreover, all five of them, it seems, were written in Christian territories recently wrested from Muslims —at least three of them in Toledo, which had been conquered by Alfonso VI in 1085. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 797 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Christian conquest of Toledo enabled bolder anti-Islamic polemic in Arabic; Anti-Islamic polemic in Spain was mostly written by converts in conquered cities. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 797; Convert polemicists dominated medieval Spanish interfaith religious disputes — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 800 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Anti-Islamic polemic in Spain was mostly written by converts in conquered cities. #corroborates (0.95) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 797