An ethnic minority identity invites questions while a Muslim identity invites hostile expulsion

Evidence

A similar finding was made by another empirical study that inquired into whether or not attitudes toward religious beliefs and practices affect public opinion toward Muslims. This study concluded that they did not have a definitive effect. Rather, “Muslim stereotypes are underpinned by a similar set of factors to those that underpin stereotypes of blacks, Hispanics, and Asians—notably, authoritarianism and a preference for cultural homogeneity.” — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 253 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Religious minorities become politically suspect when religion ties to national identity; First Amendment protection lets religious minorities assimilate before they can be politicized as threats; Immigration agents presumed Middle Easterners Muslim and therefore unassimilable — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 179 (+20 more)

Related

• Authoritarianism and preference for cultural homogeneity drive anti-Muslim stereotypes. (similarity 0.83)
• Muslims suffer hostility for perceived identity beyond any voluntary religious choice. (similarity 0.83)
• Muslim identity cannot be reduced to religion alone (similarity 0.82)
• American Muslims were a model minority before the September 11 attacks (similarity 0.81)
• Anti-Muslim bias is not distinctive but tracks general out-group stereotyping, especially toward cultural outsiders. (similarity 0.81)
• Anti-Muslim sentiment operates independently of local political ideology (similarity 0.80)
• Islam in America operates as a political identity of otherness beyond religion (similarity 0.80)
• Large minorities of Americans hold unfavorable views of Islam and Muslims (similarity 0.80)
• First Amendment protection lets religious minorities assimilate before they can be politicized as threats (similarity 0.80)
• The acceptable Muslim stereotype demands Sufi, peaceful, feminist, moderate, non-Arab traits (similarity 0.80)
• Religion unified American identity while race divided it (similarity 0.80)
• Racial targeting makes mere category membership, not enmity, grounds for persecution (similarity 0.80)
• Religious identity historically served as a proxy for race in American immigration debates (similarity 0.80)
• Religious identity replaced ethnicity as the marker making Muslim Americans seen as anti-American (similarity 0.80)
• Perceiving Muslims as disloyal shifts the policy frame from anti-discrimination to securitization. (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Hostile public scrutiny becomes internalized as the architecture of Muslim American identity #expands (0.80)
• Religious identity replaced ethnicity as the marker making Muslim Americans seen as anti-American #corroborates (0.70)
• Authoritarianism and preference for cultural homogeneity drive anti-Muslim stereotypes. #corroborates (0.60) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 253
• Gender shapes both how Muslims are racialized and how they respond #expands (0.50)