A workable pluralist democracy must acknowledge its constitutive inclusion-exclusion double movement.

Evidence

Despite these shortcomings, Schmitt’s questioning of liberal· ism is a very powerful one. It reveals several weaknesses of liberal democracy, and brings its blind spot to the fore. Those deficiencies cannot be ignored. If we are to elaborate a view of democratic society which is convincing and worthy of allegiance, they have to be addressed. Schmitt is an adversary from whom we can learn, because we can draw on his insights. Turning them against him, we should usc them to formulate a better understanding of liberal democracy, one that acknowledges its paradoxical nature. Only by coming to terms with the double movement of inclusion-exdusion that democratic politics entails can we deal with the challenge with which the process of globalization confronts us today. — Chantal Mouffe, The Democratic Paradox, 263

Categorization

  • DEEPTHINKING: This states the core test the reader is pursuing: whether acknowledgement of exclusion, drawn from Schmitt but turned against him, grounds a defensible liberal democracy.
  • XREF: connects to: Pluralist democracy amplifies the already privileged — Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival…, 1187; Pluralist democracy means negotiating, not eliminating, its constitutive paradox — Chantal Mouffe, The Democratic Paradox, 60; The incommensurability of universal and particular is the precondition for democracy — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2: Identity…, 378 (+5 more)

Broader Connections