A social movement is defined by three-way interactions, not solo action.

Evidence

Unlike a one-time petition, declaration, or mass meeting, a campaign extends beyond any single event—although social movements often include petitions, declarations, and mass meetings. Campaigns center on claims— claims for the adoption of abolition of public programs, claims for recognition of the claimants’ existence, and/or claims for ratification of their standing as specific kinds of political actors such as indigenous peoples or constituted parties. A campaign always links at least three parties: a group of self-designated claimants, some object(s) of claims, and a public of some kind. The claims may target governmental officials, but the “authorities” in question can also include owners of property, religious functionaries, and others whose actions (or failures to act) significantly affect the welfare of many people. Not the solo actions of claimants, object(s), or public, but interactions among the three, constitute a social movement. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 338

Categorization

• DEFINE: Precise definitional core: a movement = campaign + repertoire + WUNC, operating across claimants, objects, and publics.
• XREF: Connects to the reader’s test of whether constitutional rights regimes channel subordinate-group claims — claimants here need objects and publics beyond just the state. — connects to: Movement followers provide strength but not its ideas. — Katherine Stewart, The Power Worshippers: Inside the…, 34; Social groups are ternary, not binary, relations among third parties. — Christine Daigle, Jacob Golomb (eds.), Beauvoir and Sartre: The Riddle of…, 421; Group solidarity can form through shared bodily practice, not shared ideas — Nina Eliasoph, Avoiding politics: how Americans…, 686 (+8 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 338

Broader Connections

• Social groups are ternary, not binary, relations among third parties. #corroborates (0.85) — Christine Daigle, Jacob Golomb (eds.), Beauvoir and Sartre, 421
• Collectivities are networks of interaction, not substantive entities. #corroborates (0.82) — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 130
• A social movement can potentially exist without its participants knowing they belong to it. #complicates (0.80) — James Renton, Ben Gidley (eds.), Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe, 1192
• Only their joint combination distinguishes social movements from other politics #expands (0.78) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1164
• The social self splits into individual, relational, and collective forms, not one continuum #expands (0.75) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1613
• Social identity operates through three distinct selves, not one continuum #expands (0.75) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1613
• Coordination without unity strengthens political movements #complicates (0.75) — Mark Fisher (edited by Darren Ambrose), K-Punk, 1875
• The subject’s unity is an effect of social configuration, not a premise #complicates (0.74) — Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic…, 333
• Group solidarity can form through shared bodily practice, not shared ideas #complicates (0.72) — Nina Eliasoph, Avoiding politics, 686
• Actions carry special social controls that experiences do not #expands (0.72) — Niklas Luhmann, Trust and Power, 615
• Movement followers provide strength but not its ideas. #qualifies (0.71) — Katherine Stewart, The Power Worshippers, 34