Whiteness links beauty with citizenship and uncontested belonging.

Evidence

Surveillance of Beauty The surveillance of beauty is another way that Muslim American women who wear the hijab are surveilled for their cultural practices. Whiteness has become a marker of beauty and privilege both in the United States as well as in countries that make up the southern hemisphere, such as India (Hunter 2011). This is evidenced by the increased interest and use of skin lightening creams both in the United States and internationally. Hunter (2011) refers to “racial capital” as a material benefit people possess based on their skin tone. In a racialized society, the lighter one’s skin tone, the more access one has to economic resources such as jobs or social networks (Glenn 2009; Hunter 2011). Muslim women who wear the hijab were told wearing it made them ugly; they are also racialized for their beauty. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 403 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Interracial marriage can serve the colored spouse as a bid for deracialization and equality — Frantz Fanon, Constance Farrington, Black skin, white masks, 263; Whiteness operates as property that can be strategically claimed or disguised. — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 73; Black women’s professed love for white men reorders as love of whiteness itself — Frantz Fanon, Constance Farrington, Black skin, white masks, 160 (+14 more)

Related

• Mixed-light complexions gain economic and social status in colonial societies (similarity 0.86)
• Skin tone confers material economic benefits through racial capital (similarity 0.86)
• The hijab functions like skin tone by marking bodies as racial others (similarity 0.84)
• Beauty standards operate as gatekeepers of American citizenship and whiteness. (similarity 0.83)
• The hijab overrides whiteness as a racializing agent on any wearer. (similarity 0.83)
• The hijab rather than skin tone triggers racializing surveillance of Muslim women (similarity 0.82)
• Wearing the hijab is read as surrendering whiteness and citizenship standing (similarity 0.82)
• Skin color trumped wealth and education as the criterion of Trinidadian social prestige (similarity 0.81)
• Converting to Islam or wearing the hijab causes loss of whiteness privileges (similarity 0.79)
• Cultural attributes can be racialized even when skin tone matches whiteness (similarity 0.79)
• Lighter skin and Christian identity secured citizenship privileges that darker or Muslim Arabs lacked (similarity 0.79)
• Whiteness was defined through exclusion of non-black immigrant groups too. (similarity 0.79)
• Muslim Arabs move away from whiteness regardless of actual skin tone (similarity 0.79)
• Categorical whiteness excludes Arabs and Muslims from the benefits of racial remedy in America (similarity 0.78)
• The racial epidermal schema replaces the corporeal schema under white regard (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Citizenship in America has historically been tied to whiteness and Christianity #qualifies (0.75)
• Skin tone confers material economic benefits through racial capital #expands (0.70) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 403
• Blackness symbolizes Evil and Ugliness in white thought #corroborates (0.60)
• Mixed-light complexions gain economic and social status in colonial societies #complicates (0.50)