Cultural attributes can be racialized even when skin tone matches whiteness

Evidence

One of the privileges of whiteness is the uncontested association of it with citizenship and its unquestioned rights to resources (Garner 2006): you are viewed and treated like a valued member of society, something that has been denied to racialized groups in the United States. Racialization of culture is not a new phenomenon. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues white Americans participate in cultural racism toward African Americans, where cultural differences replace biological differences. For example, the stereotype of African Americans as lazy or not hard working is attributed to deficiencies in black culture, so they are blamed for any inequities in education and wealth (Bonilla-Silva 2002). The pitting of Muslim values against American values is another example of cultural racism. Cultural racism does not replace the reality that skin tone still matters in a racialized society but highlights the importance of racialized cultural attributes. — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 299

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines cultural racism as distinct from biological racism, keying the religion-vs-race mechanism the reader wants.
• XREF: Connects to the reader’s core question of how a faith becomes racialized; echoes Bonilla-Silva’s racialized social system framework. — connects to: Whiteness was defined as exclusion from black occupation, not skin or work — Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White, 399; Irish whiteness required excluding blacks from any shared occupation and erasing memory — Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White, 400; Skin color alone marked chattel slaves regardless of other social position — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education: Toward Diverse,…, 1134 (+1 more)