UK governments deployed the term Islamophobia only to co-opt Muslims into security policies.

Evidence

In truth, addressing Islamophobia was not a priority for New Labour, illustrated by the fact that it rarely referred to Islamophobia throughout 13 years of government. When the government did address Islamophobia, it was always part of a wider conversation about strengthening counter-terror legislation or Muslim communities needing to do more to challenge extremism (Allen 2017). It could be argued that when Islamophobia was referred to, it was little more than a ‘bargaining chip’ in the process of co-opting Muslims into endorsing and supporting policies (Khan 2009; Kundnani 2015). — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 486

Categorization

  • XREF: Supports the reader’s core position: definition of Islamophobia is a political act, not neutral analysis — here the term is shown weaponized as a bargaining chip in counter-extremism co-optation. — connects to: Governments select Muslim interlocutors only when they accept official assumptions. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 492; State counter-terrorism focus has fostered and furthered Islamophobia in the UK — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia: Still a Challenge for Us…, 384; Islamophobia functions as an indiscriminate umbrella term serving varied agendas — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 542 (+1 more)
  • SEED: An essay angle: how the state’s invocation of Islamophobia-as-co-optation complicates any neutral social-scientific concept-formation, undercutting Bleich’s framework.

Broader Connections