Twentieth-century Balkan revolutionary situations were overwhelmingly national in character

Evidence

Box 7.3 illustrates how seriously and persistently national revolutionary coalitions formed during the twentieth century. For the Balkans and Hungary, it lists each revolutionary situation in my catalog over the century beginning in 1892, marking those with revolutionary outcomes in bold type. The list makes clear how extensively interstate war, civil war, and revolutionary situations entangled in the region. In the Balkans, most of the century’s revolutionary situations had a significant national component. Before World War I, they concentrated in the disintegrating Ottoman Empire. Although they continued in former Ottoman territories thereafter, national revolutionary situations also occurred frequently in the lands that had once belonged to the Austro-Hungarian empire as well as the perilously independent countries between the two empires. They produced frequent revolutionary outcomes, most sensationally in the overthrow of state socialist governments between 1989 and 1991. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1040

Categorization

• XREF: Geographic spread from Ottoman to Austro-Hungarian successor states supports Tilly’s claim that revolutionary situations track regime patches rather than national boundaries — relevant to his overall framework on states. — connects to: Herderian romantic nationalism directly shaped Serb nation-building through language canon — Michael A. Sells, The Bridge Betrayed: Religion and…, 135; Western nation-state nationalism was sociologically grounded in emancipated peasant classes — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 583; National consciousness formed through literary and philological revival in Eastern Europe — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 2491 (+4 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1040

Broader Connections

• Herderian romantic nationalism directly shaped Serb nation-building through language canon #exemplifies (0.82) — Michael A. Sells, The Bridge Betrayed, 135
• National consciousness formed through literary and philological revival in Eastern Europe #expands (0.80) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 2491
• Post-Ottoman states adopted the European nation-state model as their foundation #expands (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3462
• Colonial nationalists copied and adapted European national models #expands (0.77) — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 488
• Western nation-state nationalism was sociologically grounded in emancipated peasant classes #expands (0.76) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 583
• Nationalism proved stronger than the class struggle in the modern world #corroborates (0.75) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 362
• Ottoman legal organization laid the basis for modern Balkan ethnicity #expands (0.72) — James Renton, Ben Gidley (eds.), Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe, 1026