The term black once united nonwhite Britons across creed and culture

Evidence

Those who have written about the antiracist struggles of these years tend to identify cross-cultural consolidation as essential to the fight against white racism. Kenan Malik, for example, has written of how the Indian Workers Association of the 1960s and 1970s included not just Indians but Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, too. The Asian Youth Movement of the 1970s was a nationwide organization working on behalf of Asians, irrespective of culture or creed. Similarly, Asian and Caribbean workers, looking to the United States, where color-conscious antiracism sought to create solidarities against the dominant white culture, sank their differences in a common project in which the term black came to signify a coalition of those nonwhites affected by discrimination. — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 151

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the historical, coalitional sense of ‘black’ in 1970s Britain — a category that later fractured exactly as Muslim identity hardened, the backdrop for contesting-novel dynamics.
• XREF: Feeds your hinge: the coalitional ‘black’ in Hamid’s and Naqvi’s texts stands against the religiously-specific ‘Muslim’ identity that fear discourses later carve out.