The nation-state made nationality a prerequisite for citizenship

Evidence

AT THE height of its development in the nineteenth century, the nation-state granted its Jewish inhabitants equality of rights. Deeper, older, and more fateful contradictions are hidden behind the abstract and palpable inconsistency that Jews received their citizenship from governments which in the process of centuries had made nationality a prerequisite for citizenship and homogeneity of population the outstanding characteristic of the body politic. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 85

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Residence, not just descent, came to confer German citizenship. — Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar…, 208