The Institute ran a decentralized three-city research network after emigrating

Evidence

This book deals with the half-century of the prehistory and history of the Frankfurt School'. The locations for the story: Frankfurt am Main, Geneva, New York and Los Angeles, Frankfurt am Main. The contexts of the story against the background of its times: the Weimar Republic with its twilight character’ and its transition to Nazism; the New Deal, the war period and the McCarthy era in the USA; restoration against the background of anti-communism; and the period of protest and reform in West Germany. The various institutional forms adopted in the course of its history: an independent research foundation as a base for Marxist research critical of society; a remnant of the Institute as a collective presence which guaranteed protection for private scholars; and an Institute dependent on state research funds or contracts as the background for a critical sociology and philosophy. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 21 (#expands, via linked claim)

Fromm continued to be dismissed as a revisionist, although his writings went on appearing alongside those of Horkheimer and Adorno in volumes edited by third parties. Marcuse remained constantly in touch with Horkheimer but was held at a distance. Neumann was occasionally asked for legal advice. Kirchheimer was consulted sporadically. All three of them remained in government service years after the end of the war, and eventually, during the 1950s, they all managed to find posts at American universities. Grossmann was given a small pension by the Institute. Contact with Wittfogel became more and more sporadic during the 1940s, and formally ended in 1947 when the University of Washington at Seattle and Columbia University became the sponsors of his China History Project, in place of the Institute of Social Research and the Institute of Pacific Relations. When an attempt was made in 1951 to prove that the Institute of Pacific Relations had had communist members of staff who had contributed to the defeat of Chiang Kai-Shek and the victory of the Chinese communists, Wittfogel was called before the McCarthy Committee, a sub-committee of the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. An apostate communist, he made a sorry spectacle of himself as he denounced a former associate of the Institute of Social Research, Moses Finkelstein, as a communist. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1637 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Geographic separation of research coordination perpetuated the Institute’s internal split.; The Frankfurt School’s institutional forms shifted across three distinct eras and three geographic sites — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 21; Former Institute associates were systematically held at distance and dispersed into American academia — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1637

Broader Connections

• The Frankfurt School’s institutional forms shifted across three distinct eras and three geographic sites #expands (0.85) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 21
• Former Institute associates were systematically held at distance and dispersed into American academia #expands (0.80) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1637
• Geographic separation of research coordination perpetuated the Institute’s internal split. #complicates (0.75)