Supported standing-wave frequencies in bounded systems occur at odd multiples of the lowest
Evidence
A standing wave cannot exist with even numbers of quarter wavelengths, as this would require a pressure node or antinode at both ends as shown in Figures 1.32 and 1.35. The frequencies that can support standing waves exist at odd multiples of the lowest standing wave frequency. — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 410
Categorization
Category: Causal Relationships
- DEFINE: Explains why only odd quarter-wavelength multiples sustain standing waves — the hard-boundary node/antinode constraint.
Related
- Standing waves in tubes need specific node-antinode patterns at boundaries (similarity 0.86)
- Open-open tubes support standing waves with the same half-wavelength rule (similarity 0.84)
- Standing waves occur at all integer multiples of a fundamental frequency (similarity 0.83)
- Standing waves occur at all multiples of the lowest resonant frequency (similarity 0.80)
Broader Connections
- Mixed-end tubes resonate only at odd multiples of the fundamental frequency
#corroborates(0.95) — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 405