Structural Islamophobia operates through institutions enacting security-based policies.

Evidence

“I define structural Islamophobia as the fear and suspicion of Muslims on the part of institutions—most notably government agencies—that is manifested through the enactment and advancement of policies. These policies are built upon the presumption that Muslim identity is associated with a national security threat.” Khaled A. Beydoun, “Islamophobia: Toward a Legal Definition and Framework,” Columbia Law Review Online 16 (2015). — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1258

Categorization

• DEFINE: The author’s own formal legal definition of structural Islamophobia — foundational for the whole book’s framework.
• XREF: The ‘presumption of national security threat’ language ties directly to the reader’s guiding question about states learning and sharing Islamophobic techniques. — connects to: Law enforcement agencies operationalize the ideology that Islam is inherently violent; A terror industrial complex produces Islamophobia through interlocking institutions — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 736