Self-esteem protection may come from combined inward- and outward-directed defenses

Evidence

Allport suggested that intropunitive and extropunitive mechanisms may combine to create a dynamic personality constellation. To some degree, this is a basic tenet of modern racial identity theories. For example, multidimensional models of racial identity incorporate intropunitive mechanisms such as race salience, racelesseness, and self-hatred with extropunitive mechanisms such as racial ideologies, ingroup bias, and outgroup rejection. Perhaps it is the combination of mechanisms that confers self-esteem protection. — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 1099

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Self-esteem operates implicitly through self-serving judgment biases that also buttress the self. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 152; Basking in reflected glory and downward comparison are complementary affiliation strategies for self-esteem. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 161; Affiliation and rejection behaviors function as second-order boosts to self-esteem. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 162 (+1 more)