Racial group differences in self-esteem reverse the expected hierarchy

Evidence

More generally, theorizing about the damaging psychological effects of being a target of prejudice, discrimination, and stigma was widespread following Allport’s book, but empirical research since 1954 has had diffi- culty confirming the damaged self-esteem hypothesis. Indeed, based on several studies that support the positive self-esteem of Blacks, Twenge and Crocker (2002) provided a comprehensive meta-analysis that compellingly makes the opposite case. They found that Blacks, on average, have higher self-esteem than Whites, who in turn have higher self-esteem than Asians, American Indians, and Hispanics. Moreover, the Black–White self-esteem gap has actually increased since 1980. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1064

Categorization

• XREF: Directly contradicts the internalization-of-stigma premise behind Allport’s intropunitive defenses and the Brown doll-test rationale. — connects to: Perceived last-place racial status decouples from objective socioeconomic disadvantage. — Erin Cooley, Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi, Nava Caluori, Nicholas Elacqua, and William Cipolli, White Americans who perceive themselves…, 59