Returns on education show racial discrimination against men only, not women

Evidence

Researchers argue that British Muslim women are not achieving the ‘return on education’ that they anticipate (Social Mobility Commission 2016). Another study by the Social Mobility Commission (2017) focused specifically on social mobility for young Muslims. The researchers conducted in-depth focus groups and interviews exploring young Muslims’ perceptions and experiences of education and searching for jobs. The analysis of data underlined the experience of discrimination in the job application process, especially when applicants had names that identified them as members of an ethnic or religious minority, or wore a headscarf. The interviews also highlighted that in-work cultural insensitivity, stereotyping and indirect racism were common. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 281 (#complicates, via linked claim)

As I understand it, the evidence is roughly similar with regard to outcomes for white women as it is for black women and men. The symbolic politics of affirmative action, however, probably differ significantly between race and gender, and it would be illuminating to develop their differences in more detail. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2029 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Arbitrary-set discrimination primarily targets subordinate males, not women; Educational achievement gaps cannot be explained by discrimination alone. — Michael A. Reynolds and Thomas D. Grant, The Future of Europe and Its Muslims:…, 97; Employment discrimination against minority men exceeds that against minority women — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1220 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• British Muslim women fail to achieve expected returns on education due to employment discrimination #complicates (0.78) — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 281
• Affirmative action outcomes are similar across race and gender though symbolism differs #complicates (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2029