Affirmative action outcomes are similar across race and gender though symbolism differs

Evidence

As I understand it, the evidence is roughly similar with regard to outcomes for white women as it is for black women and men. The symbolic politics of affirmative action, however, probably differ significantly between race and gender, and it would be illuminating to develop their differences in more detail. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2029

Categorization

• QUESTION: Interesting empirical claim — that white women benefit from affirmative action similarly to Black people — worth verifying and exploring the symbolic-politics divergence.
• SEED: The gap between material outcomes and symbolic politics of race vs. gender affirmative action could structure an essay on how policy benefits and cultural meaning diverge.