Religious practices get reframed as security threats justifying citizen surveillance

Evidence

In the public’s mind, Muslims are thought to be opposed to democracy and Western liberal values. Scholars note that the stereotype is that Muslim men are misogynistic and violent, while Muslim women are oppressed and antifeminist (Ahmed 1992; Razack 2008). … Islamic practices, like that of wearing the hijab or praying in public spaces, are viewed as backward and are treated with disdain and even suspicion. Private citizens justify monitoring Muslim bodies for participating in religious practices and rituals they view as threats to American society. — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 273

Categorization

• XREF: Illuminates the religion-to-race racialization mechanism the reader’s guiding question asks about — religious practice recoded as threat. — connects to: Facebook’s founder frames surveillance as a redemptive global church infrastructure — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 1631; Modern anti-Catholic conspiracy targets organizational secrecy, not theology — Michael Barkun, A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic…, 625; Masonry’s secrecy let nativists link it to any evil group — Michael Barkun, A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic…, 609 (+1 more)