Religious conversion in early modern Spain created crypto-Muslims and crypto-Jews.

Evidence

Spanish Jews and Moors could be racially cleansed through conversion and testing for the purity of their blood. In the dissimulation of religious belief, racialization became an issue of religious passing—hence, the phenomenon of crypto–Muslims and crypto–Jews—in which acceptance as a Christian meant adopting di√erent styles of dress, appearance, bodily comportment, and religious ritual. — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 155

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines crypto-Muslims and crypto-Jews as products of religious passing under Inquisition-era pressure.
• ADDENDUM: Relates to the modesty article’s theme of dress and religious identity signaling — here dress and comportment become racial markers used to detect hidden Muslims and Jews.