Political change and disasters forced U.S. base closures in the Philippines and Panama

Evidence

Following the 1986 overthrow of the U.S.-backed regime of Ferdinand Marcos and the creation of a new constitution banning foreign bases, the Philippines famously refused to renew the lease on U.S. bases in the country. Not long after the volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo badly damaged Clark Air Base in 1991, U.S. bases and troops were gone. By decade’s end, the military also vacated its bases in Panama as part of the termination of the Panama Canal Zone Treaty. — David Vine, Base Nation_ How U.S. Military Bases…, 945

Categorization

Category: Factual Claims

Related

• Post-dictatorship constitutions in the Philippines and Panama ended U.S. base leases (similarity 0.91)
• The Philippines and Panama expelled U.S. bases in the early 1990s (similarity 0.91)
• Losses of major bases drove the U.S. to build smaller lily pads worldwide (similarity 0.82)