Physical homeland and language shape how parents classify multiracial children

Evidence

Liebler (2010) found similar results to Kana’iaupuni and Liebler (2005), in which homelands play a significant role in single-race classification for Multiracial American Indians. In this article, homelands are considered a culturally meaningful physical space, typically the indigenous and ancestral homeland. Parents are more likely to report their child(ren) as being single-race American Indian if the American Indian parent reported a tribal affiliation and if an American Indian language is spoken at home. Parents may report their child(ren) as single-race non-American Indian or as multiracial if a non-English and non-American Indian language is reported at home and if they live in a racially segregated homeland. Liebler (2010) suggests that the biracial person may feel socially distant from families where everyone is a single-race American Indian, which may make them less likely to claim a single-race American Indian identity. These findings demonstrate the importance of physical space to the claimed ERI. — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 123

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines ‘homeland’ as a culturally meaningful physical space, typically indigenous and ancestral, in the context of racial classification.
• XREF: Connects to the reader’s systematic review interest in homogenizing pressure within protective ethnic categories — here, language and homeland markers gate inclusion in the single-race American Indian category. — connects to: Parents socialize Multiracial children toward one of several identities they never personally experienced — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 33; Conflicting familial racial messages create cultural dissonance in Multiracial adolescents. — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 114; Cultural and physical ties to Hawai’i drive Hawaiian racial identification in multiracial children. — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 122 (+11 more)

Broader Connections

• Physical and symbolic ties to homeland drive minority-race identification in children #expands (0.86) — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 122
• White-partnered multiracials identify with their minority parent unless phenotype mismatches #expands (0.85) — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 120
• Children adopt prejudice via parental identification and status comparison. #corroborates (0.83)
• Skin tone determines which parent segregates which mixed-race sibling. #exemplifies (0.82) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2485
• Minority children develop racial attitudes between parental shaping and individual variation #corroborates (0.80) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 1996
• Racial habits are learned dispositions passed from parent to child #corroborates (0.79) — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 232
• Immigrant children may identify more with local minority cultures than their parents’ heritage #complicates (0.78) — Moustafa Bayoumi, How Does It Feel to Be a Problem? Being…, 589
• Racial categorization of the same person varies by time, place, and context #qualifies (0.74)
• A single person’s racial classification shifts across national contexts #qualifies (0.73) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1171
• Conceptions of ethnicity evolved separately from categories of race #qualifies (0.72) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 642