Paris and its banlieues form two mutually suspicious cities only six miles apart.

Evidence

There were, I began to learn, two cities of Paris for Malik and Médine and the million other people who call the banlieues their home. From their view, those lights signaled that the beast was always watching them. While the view from the heart of Paris, where old buildings glimmered and cold stares pierced our brown skin and bearded faces, was that the banlieue was the belly of the beast, a place where terrorists dwelled, only six miles from the center of civilization and its endless source of light. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 746

Categorization

• XREF: Parallels the older anti-suburb border rhetoric familiar from French republican universalism debates; connects to the reader’s global-synthesis reading alongside Iftikhar.