Only eighty-eight Africans gained French citizenship between 1914 and 1925

Evidence

According to Raymond Buell, who visited the colony in 1927, only eighty-eight Africans were granted citizenship between 1914 and 1925, fourteen of whom were former tirailleurs. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 580

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 580
• XREF: connects to: French society grants educated colonial subjects status only by denying their Negro identity; African naturalization applicants faced extra hurdles that French foreigners did not; Roume first proposed citizenship for certain Africans under French rule (+6 more)

Broader Connections

• Selective naturalization of a few Africans masked continued subjecthood of most #corroborates (0.80)
• France rejected legal status for deserving Africans to avoid extending citizenship rights #corroborates (0.60)
• France stiffened citizenship requirements by demanding proof of cultural Frenchness #corroborates (0.50)
• Early colonial education policy explicitly barred Africans from becoming French citizens #corroborates (0.40)