Northern migration offered black Americans no escape from racial economic violence
Evidence
The obstacles that black Americans had to overcome in the South led many to leave in search of better economic opportunities. However, they soon discovered that wherever they went—to the West, the Midwest, or the North—their blackness made them a target for physical and economic violence similar to what they experienced in the South. There was truly no escape, no safe haven for them. Across the country, black Americans faced barriers to landownership through devices such as sundown towns, racially restrictive covenants, and federal governmental discrimination. If they managed to overcome these hurdles and become property owners, then they faced tactics designed to strip them of their property, such as state exercise of eminent domain powers. When all else failed, white Americans could fall back on the tried-and-true method of lynching. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 325
The obstacles that black Americans had to overcome in the South led many to leave in search of better economic opportunities. However, they soon discovered that wherever they went—to the West, the Midwest, or the North—their blackness made them a target for physical and economic violence similar to what they experienced in the South. There was truly no escape, no safe haven for them. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 325
Categorization
- DEFINE: Enumerates the catalog of barriers that define the saturated-system harm of land exclusion.
- corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations: How Building a…, 325
- XREF: connects to: Black northern migration met epidemic white urban violence through 1919 — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 865