Black uplift worsened rather than eased Northern racial animosity

Evidence

Northern race relations had grown progressively worse since the 1790s, defying uplift suasion. Each uplifting step of Black people stoked animosity, and runaways stoked further animosity. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 411

Categorization

• XREF: Strongly parallels the reader’s key discomfort: the assimilationist program (uplift suasion) not only fails but backfires, an empirical test of treating racist ideas as the cause rather than effect. — connects to: Slaveholders deliberately sought alliance with Northern white labor on color caste — Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White, 354; Black families’ documented tuition sacrifice rebutted northern stereotypes of black indolence. — Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Righteous Discontent: The Women’s…, 515; White backlash developed nationally, not as a southern import to the North. — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 37