Movements displaced parties by attacking the class system itself

Evidence

This was the situation between the two wars when every movement had a greater chance than any party because the movement attacked the institution of the state and did not appeal to classes. Fascism and Nazism always boasted that their hatred was directed not against individual classes, but the class system as such, which they denounced as an invention of Marxism. Even more significant was the fact that the Communists also, notwithstanding their Marxist ideology, had to abandon the rigidity of their class appeal when, after 1935, under the pretext of enlarging their mass base, they formed Popular Fronts everywhere and began to appeal to the same growing masses outside all class strata which up to then had been the natural prey to Fascist movements. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 655

Categorization

Category: Definitional Content

• DEFINE: Establishes the movement-versus-party distinction central to Arendt’s account: movements aggregate the declassed masses by attacking class structure, not by representing a class.

Related

• Interwar movements outcompeted parties by attacking the state and transcending class appeal. (similarity 0.88)
• Totalitarian movements organize masses by sheer numbers rather than classes or citizen-opinion. (similarity 0.83)
• The term movement signified distrust of all party politics (similarity 0.82)
• Movements aim to destroy the state, not merely seize its machine (similarity 0.82)
• The collapse of class parties after WWI opened the way for totalitarian movements (similarity 0.82)
• Movements differ from parties by making ideology an organizing principle (similarity 0.81)
• Movements outlast parties because perpetual motion replaces fixed goals and programs (similarity 0.81)
• A true movement seeks the state’s destruction, not merely its seizure (similarity 0.81)
• Totalitarianism transforms classes into masses and creates entirely new political institutions (similarity 0.81)
• Fascist party dictatorship was a stable state apparatus, not a movement (similarity 0.80)
• Totalitarian movements, unlike Fascism, must never achieve definite goals (similarity 0.80)
• Totalitarian movements superseded and outlasted the European party system (similarity 0.79)
• Race and class justifications of totalitarian mass organization are functionally interchangeable (similarity 0.79)
• Class-based interest parties collapse when their class bases dissolve (similarity 0.78)