Race and class justifications of totalitarian mass organization are functionally interchangeable

Evidence

Practically speaking, it will make little difference whether totalitarian movements adopt the pattern of Nazism or Bolshevism, organize the masses in the name of race or class, pretend to follow the laws of life and nature or of dialectics and economics. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 749

Categorization

• QUESTION: Arendt’s equivalence of race-based and class-based mobilization is a strong claim worth testing against the Islamophobia literature, which often distinguishes racism from class ideology sharply.
• SEED: Could anchor an essay on how exclusionary ideologies differ rhetorically but converge structurally — race vs. class as parallel totalitarian framings.
• XREF: connects to: Totalitarian theory derived authority from racial right rather than universal law — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History…, 425; The justification process for subordination is identical across race, caste, class, and sex — Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 59