Modern Caesarism is police-run rather than military-run

Evidence

In the modern world, the equilibrium with catastrophic prospects occurs not between forces which could in the last analysis fuse and unite—albeit after a wearying and bloody process— but between forces whose opposition is historically incurable and indeed becomes especially acute with the advent of Caesarist forms. However, in the modern world Caesarism also has a certain margin—larger or smaller, depending on the country and its relative weight in the global context. For a social form “always” has marginal possibilities for further development and organisational improvement, and in particular can count on the relative weakness of the rival progressive force as a result of its specific character and way of life. It is necessary for the dominant social form to preserve this weakness: this is why it has been asserted that modern Caesarism is more a police than a military system. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 859

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes modern Caesarism (incurable class opposition, police-based) from progressive Caesar/Napoleon types (fusable forces).
• XREF: Connects to later Islamophobia readings on how regimes maintain hegemony through police and administrative coercion rather than military conquest. — connects to: Modern Caesarism operates through party and union coercion, not military coups; Modern civilization centralizes rather than abolishes violence — Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust, 284; Caesar’s and Napoleon I’s Caesarism was transformative; Napoleon III’s was merely quantitative
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 859

Broader Connections

• Modern civilization centralizes rather than abolishes violence #expands (0.75) — Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust, 284