Jim Crow racism had largely vanished among Whites by the 1990s

Evidence

The intrapsychic conflict described by Allport and Myrdal was represented at the time principally by “old-fashioned racism,” or “Jim Crow racism,” the racial ideology held by a majority of Whites in the US before the Second World War. It had three main tenets: (a) belief in the biological inferiority of African Americans; (b) support for formal discrimination against Blacks in many domains of life such as schools, public accommodations, and housing; and (c) racial segregation of Blacks in those domains, as well as in private domains such as marriage. After the Second World War, support for that ideology began to wane in the North, and later, after the mid-1960s, gradually in the White South as well. Most of it was gone by the 1990s (Schuman, Steeh, Bobo, & Krysan, 1997). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2166 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

The intrapsychic conflict described by Allport and Myrdal was represented at the time principally by “old-fashioned racism,” or “Jim Crow racism,” the racial ideology held by a majority of Whites in the US before the Second World War. It had three main tenets: (a) belief in the biological inferiority of African Americans; (b) support for formal discrimination against Blacks in many domains of life such as schools, public accommodations, and housing; and (c) racial segregation of Blacks in those domains, as well as in private domains such as marriage. … After the Second World War, support for that ideology began to wane in the North, and later, after the mid-1960s, gradually in the White South as well. Most of it was gone by the 1990s (Schuman, Steeh, Bobo, & Krysan, 1997). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2166 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

A relevant argument can be that the complications we have identified are consistent over time - postapartheid is still oversensitive to mixed couples. There is consistency over situations - under apartheid any hotel could have openly refused to allow a woman of color in an upscale (white) hotel, today refusal is off limits, but personnel may still attempt to make one’s stay an unpleasant one. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1506 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Economic white privilege persisted undiminished after 1994. — Cornel Verwey and Michael Quayle, Whiteness, racism, and Afrikaner…, 145; Old-fashioned racism defined by three tenets largely vanished by the 1990s; Classic Jim Crow racism mostly vanished from White America by the 1990s. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2166 (+8 more)

Broader Connections

• Classic Jim Crow racism mostly vanished from White America by the 1990s. #corroborates (0.98) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2166
• Old-fashioned biological racism largely disappeared among US Whites by the 1990s #corroborates (0.95) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2166
• Racism persists covertly after formal prohibitions end #complicates (0.85) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1506
• Racism persists even where formal segregation laws have been abolished #complicates (0.82)
• Post-Jim-Crow discrimination persisted through covenants, lending, and USDA seizures #complicates (0.80) — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 405