Islamophobia victims need not be Arab or Muslim

Evidence

I did not hear from Juan again. But his story hasn’t left me, and the intersection he occupies is at the heart of this book. I share his story when speaking at colleges and universities, as well as intimately, among friends and activists, to signal that victims of Islamophobia are not merely Arab or Middle Eastern—sometimes they are not even Muslim!—and to signal that this rising system of hate is more frequently inflicted by the state than it is by individuals. Most importantly, I share it to show that Islamophobia often converges with other forms of hate, such as racism, xenophobia, sexism, and homophobia, morphing into a form of hatred custom-made for this specific target. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 77

Categorization

• XREF: The ‘sometimes not even Muslim’ point explains why Juan — a Latinx man shot by a white supremacist — matters to the reader’s legal/policy analysis of Islamophobia. — connects to: A white non-Muslim can be forced into the Muslim’s demonological position; Islamophobia operates by reducing Muslims to a monolithic bloc — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 433; Islamophobia’s racialized caricature victimizes non-Muslims, especially Sikhs — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 119 (+4 more)
• QUESTION: The claim that Islamophobia is ‘more frequently inflicted by the state than by individuals’ — is there quantitative support in later chapters, or is it advocacy framing?
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 77

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia operates by reducing Muslims to a monolithic bloc #expands (0.70) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 433