Islamophobia operates differently depending on gender and national context

Evidence

The New Crusades is an intersectional milestone. It lucidly illustrates how converging systems of subordination, power, and violence related to Islamophobia are experienced across the globe. For example, Uyghur Muslim women locked away in Chinese prison camps must endure the intersecting fury of torture and sexual violence rooted in a genocidal project that rips them from their children. Their “Islamophobic intersection,” if you will, is dramatically unlike that of a French Algerian male in Paris, whose masculinity is marked with the suspicion of terrorism in a liberal state that criminalizes headscarves worn by his mother or sister—dimensions of the global Muslim experience that Khaled understands well, and brings to life in this book. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 25

Categorization

• XREF: Directly relevant to reading alongside Iftikhar for the global-synthesis view; the intersectional lens adds a gender dimension he could integrate.
• ADDENDUM: Relates to the ‘Complaints About Immodesty’ essay via the headscarf-criminalization strand mentioned here.