A networked empire of distinct anti-Muslim crusades has replaced a single national campaign.

Evidence

To echo Kumar, Islamophobia is empire. Fueled by the War on Terror and its fundamental baseline, which ties Muslim identity to terrorism, a new kind of empire, advanced by a network of governments with distinct anti-Muslim crusades, has taken shape. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 69

Categorization

• XREF: Directly engages Kumar (Iftikhar, American Islamophobia) which the reader is reading alongside for the global-synthesis view.